Pseudo-nitzschiamarine, a genus of diatom, includes species that produce domoic acid, a neurotoxin
responsible for illness and mortality in both humans and marine wildlife.
Pseudo-nitzschia has been identified as one of the main genera to increase in cell numbers during iron fertilization experiments in high nitrate low chl (HNLC) regions of the Southern Ocean, the subarctic Pacific, and the east equatorial Pacific (de Baar et al. 2005).
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| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-nitzschia#/media/File:Pseudonitzschia2.jpg |
Although no additional human cases have been confirmed, bioaccumulation of domoic acid has resulted in illness and mortalities of many birds and marine mammals, especially along the Pacific coast of North America (Gulland, 2006; Scholin et al., 2000; Sierra-Beltra´n et al., 1997; Work et al., 1993).
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| Domoic acid |
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| https://caseagrant.ucsd.edu/project/frequently-asked-questions-domoic-acid-in-california-crabs |
The threat posed by human consumption of contaminated shellfish has led to periodic closures of commercial and recreational harvesting areas, resulting in significant economic
losses around the world (Gallacher et al., 2001; Trainer, 2002; Tweddle et al., 2010).
The genus Pseudo-nitzschia is composed of at least 30 species and is common to diatom assemblages in all ocean basins, both in coastal and offshore waters. Morphological species complexes and/or cryptic species are increasingly described for the genus (Hasle 1995, Manhart et al. 1995, Villac and Fryxell 1998, Lundholm et al. 2002, 2003, 2006, Orsini et al. 2004, Hasle and Lundholm 2005).
Molecular methods provide early detection of blooms Pseudo-nitzschiamarine and predict toxin accumulation.
Delaney et al. (2011) developed a quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) assay for the detection of ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit (rbcS) gene.
The rbcS qRT-PCR assay is useful for the detection and enumeration of low concentrations of P. multiseries in the environment.
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