Anthropogenic activities are increasing. Activities include urban, agricultural, and industrial land development. The activity has resulted in the eutrophication of numerous fresh-water ecosystems worldwide. The excess of nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen increase the growth rate of phytoplankton resulting in the formation of dense populations (i.e., algae blooms).
Algae blooms, cyanobacterial blooms, have been shown to pose environmental and social
problems (Vargas-Montero and Freer 2004; Haande et al. 2007; Stone and Bress 2007; Zhang et al. 2007).
Blooms reduce water quality and the recreational value of aquatic ecosystems (Rahman at al. 2005; Smith and Lester 2006).
Cyanobacterial species produce potent toxins, which pose serious health risks to both human and animals (Codd et al. 2005).
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